Zusammenfassung
Nervenkompressionssyndrome sind für den Patienten erheblich beeinträchtigende und oft auch beruflich einschränkende Störungen. Durch einen operativen Eingriff sind sie jedoch mehr oder weniger folgenlos zu beheben. Zum Verständnis der Schädigungsmuster und damit auch zur Prognose gab es viele Untersuchungen und zum Teil divergierende pathogenetische Erklärungsmuster. Da menschliches Nervenmaterial nicht ausreichend zur Verfügung steht, beruhen die Erkenntnisse zur Pathogenese zumeist auf experimentellen Untersuchungen mit verschiedenen Tiermodellen. Man kann auch für den Menschen davon ausgehen, dass eine chronische Kompression im Frühstadium zu einer Schwann-Zell-Proliferation und -Apoptose führt. Hierdurch kommt es im Kompressionsbereich zu einer lokalen Demyelinisierung und Remyelinisierung. Zusätzlich erlaubt die Herabregulierung von Proteinen der Myelinscheide die Aussprossung von Axonen.
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Assmus, H., Antoniadis, G. (2014). Nervenkompressionssyndrome. In: Kretschmer, T., Antoniadis, G., Assmus, H. (eds) Nervenchirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36895-0_7
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